Isosiyete irashobora guhitamo umusaruro wuburyo butandukanye bwindorerwamo idafite ibyuma, ikaze kohereza imeri kugirango umbaze
1. Ku buso bw'ibyuma bitagira umwanda, hari ububiko bwumukungugu cyangwa ibice byicyuma bitavanze birimo ibindi byuma.Mu kirere cyuzuye, amazi yegeranye hagati yabikijwe n’ibyuma bidafite ingese bihuza byombi muri bateri-mikoro, ibyo bikaba bitera amashanyarazi, firime ikingira yangiritse, bita ruswa y’amashanyarazi.
2. Imitobe kama (nkimboga, isupu ya noode, sputum, nibindi) ifata hejuru yicyuma kitagira umwanda.Imbere y'amazi na ogisijeni, aside irike irashirwaho, kandi acide organic izangirika hejuru yicyuma igihe kirekire.
3. Ubuso bw'ibyuma bidafite ingese bifatira ku bintu birimo aside, alkalis n'umunyu (nk'amazi ya alkali n'amazi y'indimu ava mu rukuta rw'imitako), bigatera kwangirika kwaho.
4. Mu kirere cyanduye (nk'ikirere kirimo sulfide nyinshi, okiside ya karubone, okiside ya azote), imbere y'amazi yegeranye, gushiraho aside sulfurike, aside nitricike, acide acide acide, bitera kwangirika kwimiti The hejuru yimiterere irashobora gutera firime ikingira hejuru yicyuma.Ibyangiritse bitera ingese.
Kurwanya kwangirika kwibyuma bitagira umwanda ahanini biterwa nuburinganire bwacyo (chromium, nikel, titanium, silicon, aluminium, manganese, nibindi) hamwe nimiterere yimbere, kandi uruhare runini ni chromium.Chromium ifite imiti ihamye kandi irashobora gukora firime ya passivation hejuru yicyuma kugirango itandukanya icyuma nisi yo hanze, irinde icyuma icyuma cya okiside, kandi yongere imbaraga zo kwangirika kwicyuma.Filime ya passivation imaze gusenywa, kurwanya ruswa biragabanuka.
Isahani idafite ibyuma muri rusange ni ijambo rusange kubisahani byuma bidafite ibyuma na plaque irwanya aside.Yatangijwe mu ntangiriro z'iki kinyejana, iterambere ry'icyuma kidafite ingese ryashyizeho urufatiro rukomeye rw'ibikoresho na tekiniki mu iterambere ry'inganda zigezweho n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe nibintu bitandukanye.Yagiye ikora ibyiciro byinshi mubikorwa byiterambere.Ukurikije imiterere, igabanijwemo ibyiciro bine: ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya martensitike (harimo imvura igwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda), ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, hamwe na austenitike wongeyeho ferritic duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga.Ibikoresho nyamukuru bigize imiti cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga isahani yicyuma bishyirwa mubyuma bya chromium bitagira ibyuma, icyuma cya chromium nikel icyuma, icyuma cya chromium nikel molybdenum icyuma, icyuma cya karuboni nkeya, icyuma kinini cya molybdenum, icyuma kinini, , n'ibindi. , icyuma gikomeye cyane kitagira icyuma, nibindi. . Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutondekanya ni ugushyira mu byiciro ukurikije imiterere yimiterere yicyapa, imiterere yimiti iranga icyuma hamwe no guhuza byombi.Mubisanzwe bigabanyijemo ibyuma bya martensitike, ibyuma bya ferritic, ibyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya duplex bitagira ibyuma hamwe n’imvura igwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nibindi cyangwa bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: chromium idafite ibyuma na nikel ibyuma bitagira umuyonga.Ubwinshi bwimikoreshereze ikoreshwa Mubisanzwe: impapuro nimpapuro ibikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe, ibikoresho bya mashini, ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi, ibikoresho byo gutunganya firime, imiyoboro, ibikoresho byo hanze yinyubako zo mukarere ka nyanja, nibindi.
Isahani idafite ibyuma ifite ubuso bworoshye, plastike ndende, ubukana nimbaraga za mashini, kandi irwanya ruswa na acide, gaze ya alkaline, ibisubizo nibindi bitangazamakuru.Nicyuma kivanze kidashobora kwangirika byoroshye, ariko kitarangwamo ingese.
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